murad Rapid Age Spot And Pigment Lightening Serum

Ringkasan bahan

Urutan label. Warna adalah penilaian internal kami: hijau rutin, kuning terbatas atau perlu diperhatikan, merah dilarang atau berisiko tinggi, abu-abu belum diuraikan.

Bahan-bahan diurutkan sesuai urutan label; urutan hanya mencerminkan label, bukan konsentrasi yang tepat.

1. Hydroquinone
2. Water
3. Alcohol Denat
4. Glycolic Acid
5. Butylene Glycol
6. Glycerin
7. Methyl Gluceth-10
8. Dextran
9. Hexapeptide-2
10. Rice Amino Acids
11. Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice
12. Urea
13. Yeast Amino Acids
14. Trehalose
15. Inositol
16. Taurine
17. Betaine
18. Zinc Gluconate
19. Ascorbic Acid
20. Chitosan
21. Propyl Gallate
22. Nonoxynol-10
23. Lecithin
24. Tocopherol
25. Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
26. Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate
27. Palmitoyl Hydroxypropyltrimonium Amylopectin/Glycerin Crosspolymer
28. Vitis Vinifera Seed Extract
29. Chitosan Pca
30. Allantoin
31. Polyquaternium-10
32. Sodium Metabisulfite
33. Sodium Sulfite
34. Sodium Hydroxide
35. Ppg-26-Buteth-26
36. Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
37. Hydroxyethylcellulose
38. Disodium Edta
39. Limonene*
40. Linalool*
41. Fragrance *

Sorotan

Free of parabensFree of siliconesFree of sulfatesFree of formaldehyde releasersContains alcoholContains animal-derivedContains EU-26 allergensContains mineral oilContains PEGContains essential oilsContains fragrance

Bahan utama

ANTIOXIDANT

Hydroquinone

ANTIPLAQUE

Water

溶剂

Alcohol Denat

BUFFERING

Glycolic Acid

HUMECTANT

Butylene Glycol

DENATURANT

Glycerin

EMULSIFIER

Methyl Gluceth-10

BINDING

Dextran

Bahan lainnya

Hexapeptide-2Rice Amino AcidsAloe Barbadensis Leaf JuiceUreaYeast Amino AcidsTrehaloseInositolTaurineBetaineZinc GluconateAscorbic AcidChitosanPropyl GallateNonoxynol-10LecithinTocopherolMagnesium Ascorbyl PhosphateDipotassium GlycyrrhizatePalmitoyl Hydroxypropyltrimonium Amylopectin/Glycerin CrosspolymerVitis Vinifera Seed ExtractChitosan PcaAllantoinPolyquaternium-10Sodium MetabisulfiteSodium SulfiteSodium HydroxidePpg-26-Buteth-26Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor OilHydroxyethylcelluloseDisodium EdtaLimonene*Linalool*Fragrance *

Telusuri

Penjelasan bahan

Hydroquinone

Melanin inhibitor restricted in EU cosmetics; primarily industrial or intermediate use; strict compliance required

Water

Primary solvent and base; requires preservative system to prevent microbial growth

Alcohol Denat

Denatured ethanol; solvent, penetration enhancer, and quick-dry agent; high % may compromise barrier in dry skin.

Glycolic Acid

Glycolic acid for exfoliation; requires buffering at concentrations >10%, avoid combination with other acids.

Butylene Glycol

Polyol humectant and solvent at 1–5%; aids solubilization, light feel

Glycerin

Workhorse humectant at 3–10%; tacky at high levels, pair with occlusives

Methyl Gluceth-10

Mild emulsifier and humectant at 1–5%; light feel, suitable for sensitive skin

Dextran

Polysaccharide for binding; water-soluble requires preservation.

Hexapeptide-2

Signal peptide marketed for firming; limited clinical evidence, used at trace levels

Rice Amino Acids

Hydrolyzed protein; low MW, boosts hydration and penetration.

Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice

Natural humectant and soother with high water activity; requires preservative system, generally well-tolerated

Urea

Potent humectant and keratolytic, >10% has exfoliating effect; stinging sensation at high levels, sensitive skin caution

Yeast Amino Acids

Yeast-derived soluble amino acid mix; potent humectant with small molecules for easy penetration, good for dry/damaged skin.

Trehalose

Trehalose; mild humectant and stabilizer for proteins/actives; hygroscopic, light skin feel.

Inositol

Humectant at 0.5–2%; gentle moisturizing, suitable for sensitive skin

Taurine

Taurine; buffering and chelating. Common in shampoos and eye washes, water-soluble.

Betaine

Betaine for mild moisturizing/surfactant; low concentration 1-2% common, high may irritate.

Zinc Gluconate

Chelated zinc salt with antimicrobial and deodorizing effects; used in antiperspirants and oral care; has EU concentration limit.

Ascorbic Acid

Vitamin C, potent antioxidant requiring acidic environment for stability; oxidizes and discolors easily, needs light and air protection, concentration 1-10%, pure L-ascorbic acid is more irritating.

Chitosan

Chitosan film former and hair fixative; crustacean-derived, label as allergen, high concentrations may cause itching.

Propyl Gallate

Oil-soluble antioxidant for oil stability; mild skin irritant.

Nonoxynol-10

Belum diuraikan

Lecithin

Phospholipid emulsifier at 1-5%; biocompatible, moisturizing/antioxidant, prone to oxidation (add TBHQ), mild for sensitive skin.

Tocopherol

Natural antioxidant (vitamin E) at 0.1–1%; prone to oxidation, store protected from light

Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate

Water-soluble Vitamin C derivative for antioxidant and brightening; more stable than ascorbic acid

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate

Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate for moisturizing/soothing; inhibits 5-LOX, water-soluble, for sensitive skin.

Palmitoyl Hydroxypropyltrimonium Amylopectin/Glycerin Crosspolymer

Cationic modified starch for conditioning and suspension; balance charge at high use.

Vitis Vinifera Seed Extract

Grape seed extract with OPCs; potent antioxidant; used for skin protection and UV support; needs stabilizers.

Chitosan Pca

Belum diuraikan

Allantoin

Skin soother at 0.5-2%; promotes cell regeneration

Polyquaternium-10

Cationic polymer for fabric or hair smoothness; generally low irritation but may conflict with other cationic actives

Sodium Metabisulfite

Antioxidant/preservative at 0.05–0.2%; irritating for sensitive skin, avoid with oxidizers

Sodium Sulfite

Sulfite antioxidant to prevent oxidation; sulfites are known allergens and must be strictly declared on labels.

Sodium Hydroxide

Strong base neutralizer for pH adjustment; handle with extreme care

Ppg-26-Buteth-26

Polyol solvent at 5-10%; humectant and solvent for actives, light feel, high levels may draw moisture

Peg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil

Solubilizer and emulsifier for oil-soluble ingredients; high concentrations may cause contact dermatitis in sensitive skin.

Hydroxyethylcellulose

Water-soluble cellulose ether for thickening and suspension stabilization; sensitive to ions, electrolytes reduce viscosity, use at pH 7-8.

Disodium Edta

Chelating agent at 0.05–0.5%; sequesters metal ions for stability, boosts preservative efficacy

Limonene*

Natural fragrance solvent, EU allergen; poor photostability

Linalool*

Natural fragrance component at ≤0.05%; one of EU 26 allergens, caution for sensitive skin

Fragrance *

Fragrance; concentration must control allergen risk, label specific components

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